Dhe 41-year-old construction worker Ali suffers from high blood pressure and his wife has kidney problems. They live in a village in southern Xinjiang region. In May last year, a working group from the Communist Party visited 334 households in their town and asked them about their income. The cadres dispatched from Beijing state: The Uyghur family is “vulnerable to poverty”. So that they do not slip below the poverty line set by the state, they are given new jobs.
Ali now has to work in a clothing factory, his sick wife becomes a cleaner. “In order to prevent a return to poverty, you cannot simply support people with money,” the party secretary of the village told a Chinese newspaper. “Measures to support lazy people must be avoided.” How the family thinks about their probably involuntary contribution to poverty reduction is not mentioned.
The episode, which was described in Chinese state media in January, is exemplary of a new phase in China’s handling of ethnic minorities in the Xinjiang region, writes anthropologist Adrian Zenz in a new study available to the FAZ. “In regions where Uyghurs live, forced labor forms the foundation of future industrial and economic policy,” it says. Zenz conducts research on the situation of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang for the American Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.
More than 2 million forced laborers
The “Xinjiang Police Files” published at the end of May were also leaked to him. Among other things, they contain footage from the camps in Xinjiang, in which human rights organizations estimate that the Chinese government held more than a million Uyghurs, Kazakhs and members of other ethnic minorities. In thousands of portrait photos, prisoners face the camera against a white background. The oldest woman is 72 years old, the youngest pictured is 15 years old. Many have tears in their eyes. Some men have facial injuries.
“Forced labor is part of China’s new normal,” says Zenz. He assumes that between 2 and 2.5 million people from Xinjiang could be used as forced laborers in Chinese factories. His assumption is based on official statistics from local authorities and analysis by Chinese scientists. According to the Chinese government, the program serves to combat poverty. However, Uyghurs and Kazakhs who have fled abroad report forced conscription.
In a report to the International Labor Organization (ILO) in February, the International Union of Trade Unions also came to the conclusion that the Chinese government was using Muslim minorities as forced laborers as part of a “systematic program”. In the Xinjiang region’s economic plans, Zenz has now found indications that the Communist Party is increasingly institutionalizing these “labor transfers”.
